IEEE Citation
IEEE Citation Guide
The IEEE citation style is widely used in fields such as engineering, computer science, and electronics. In IEEE style, in-text citations are represented by numbers in square brackets (e.g., [1]), corresponding to a numbered reference list at the end of the document.
This guide explains how to cite books, journal articles, websites, conference papers, and technical standards using IEEE style. Examples of citations and explanations for each type are provided below.
In-Text Citations
In IEEE style:
- In-text citations are numbered in square brackets, e.g., [1].
- Citations are listed in the order in which they appear in the text, not alphabetically.
- Use commas to separate multiple citations in a single reference: [1], [3], [5].
Example:
As shown in [1], the system achieved significant results in performance.
Explanation:
In IEEE, the number corresponds to the order in which the source is cited in the document. Once a source is cited, it retains the same number throughout the paper.
Books
Single-Author Book
[1] S. King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft. New York, NY: Scribner, 2000.
In-Text Citation: As discussed in [1], the book offers valuable insights into the writing process.
Explanation:
For a single-author book, list the author's initials followed by their last name. The title of the book is italicized, and publication details (city, publisher, year) are included at the end.
Book with Multiple Authors
[2] M. Dorris and L. Erdrich, The Crown of Columbus. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991.
In-Text Citation: This method is explained in [2].
Explanation:
For books with multiple authors, use the first author's initials followed by the last name, and then add “and” before the second author's name. Continue with the publication details.
Edited Book
[3] D. Miller, Ed., AI Ethics and Society. Boston, MA: MIT Press, 2020.
In-Text Citation: As presented in [3], the editor’s perspective is crucial in this field.
Explanation:
For edited books, use “Ed.” (or “Eds.” for multiple editors) after the editor's name. The rest of the citation follows standard book citation format.
Journal Articles
Print or Online Journal Article
[4] M. Lane, “Geographies of Mars,” Geographical Review, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 365–385, Jul. 2013.
In-Text Citation: This idea was developed in [4].
Explanation:
Include the author's initials and last name, article title in quotes, the journal name in italics, volume and issue numbers, page range, and the publication date.
Conference Papers
[5] A. Smith and B. Jones, “AI integration in robotics,” in Proc. 2023 Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Tokyo, Japan, May 2023, pp. 112–117.
In-Text Citation: As demonstrated in [5], AI integration is critical to the advancement of robotics.
Explanation:
For conference papers, cite the authors, paper title in quotes, conference name in italics, location, date, and page range.
Websites
[6] A. Smith, “History of AI research,” Tech Archives, Jan. 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.techarchives.org/ai-history
In-Text Citation: The history of AI is well-documented [6].
Explanation:
For websites, include the author’s name, page title in quotes, website name in italics, the publication date, and the URL. If the website is online-only, include “[Online].”
Technical Reports
[7] T. Nguyen, “Quantum computing report,” MIT, Cambridge, MA, Tech. Rep. MIT-QC-2022-08, Aug. 2022.
In-Text Citation: Quantum computing is thoroughly explained in [7].
Explanation:
For technical reports, cite the author, title in quotes, institution, location, report number, and date.
IEEE Standards
[8] IEEE Standard 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” IEEE, New York, NY, 2016.
In-Text Citation: Refer to the IEEE standard in [8].
Explanation:
When citing IEEE standards, provide the standard number, title in quotes, issuing organization, and year of publication.
Formatting Guidelines
- References are numbered in the order of citation appearance.
- Author names are listed with initials followed by the last name.
- Article and chapter titles are in quotes, while book and journal titles are italicized.
- Use square brackets for in-text citations, and ensure each citation corresponds to a number in the reference list.